波尔山羊种质利用及配套技术研究

波尔山羊作为世界上最优良的内用山羊品种之一，被作为我国山羊品种改良的终端父本。我市1998年引进波尔山羊，从2000年起我们开始对波尔种公羊在本地的适应性、精液的利用、杂交配套组合模式、杂交母本的选择、波杂山羊饲喂技术等方面的研究，初步掌握了一套波尔山羊种质利用和配套饲养技术，从而推进养羊业的快速发展。     

止血带引起的肢体脂质过氧化反应防治的再观察

本文报告辅酶Q_(10)、维生素C对四肢骨科手术使用止血带过程中LPO代谢产物MDA变化的影响。分止血带组、止血带-维生素C组、止血带-维生素C、辅酶Q_(10)组。各组在松止血带前、松止血带后5、10、20min时分别采血供生化测定。结果发现在手术开始前肌注辅酶Q_(10)10mg,在松止血带再灌注时又静脉快速点滴维生素C 2.5g,能抑制由止血带引起的肢体脂质过氧化反应。维生素C、辅酶Q_(10)对止血带引起的肢体脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用,系通过抗氧化作用和稳定生物膜而实现的。     

Suppression of ischemia-reperfusion injury by liposomal superoxide dismutase in rats subjected to tourniquet shock

Summary To investigate the role of oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of tourniquet shock, the authors present an experimental animal model. Two groups of rats were fastened with rubber tubes on both thighs (1.5 kg/cm²) for 6 h under pentobarbital anaesthesia. One group was administered liposomal superoxide dismutase (L-SOD 30,000 U/kg body weight), and the other liposome as a contorl 3 h prior to tourniquet removal. No rats in the contorl group (n = 20) survived more than 24 h after reperfusion, whereas 55% of animals treated with L-SOD (n = 20) survived for 24 h or more, and two recovered completely (P < 0.005). Blood samples were obtained from the abdominal aorta after laparotomy of anaesthetized rats of both groups at different time intervals. Changes in the hematocrit value and blood urea nitrogen during the early periods after reperfusion were attenuated by prior administration of L-SOD, and the total plasma SOD activity of the control animals decreased promptly and continuously throughout the experimental period. This experimental model was very useful to study the pathogenesis of tourniquet shock with respect to reproducibility, induction of the shock stages and mortality. It is thought that oxygen-free radicals are involved in the induction of tourniquet shock, and LSOD was, to a certain extent, effective against reperfusion injury in the early stages of shock.     

1977～1990年同济医科大学新生视力状况分析

用统计学方法对14年来（1977～1990年）我校6746名新生（13492只眼）的视力状况进行分析。结果表明；新生正常视力逐年减少，视力不良率相应上升（P＜0.001）。城市学生的视力比农村学生差，男生的视力优于女生（P＜0.001）。17～19岁组的视力明显低于其他年龄组（P＜0.001）。高考分数线升高与正常视力者减少呈明显负相关；而与视力不良者增加呈正相关（P＜0.001,＜0.05）。本文认为近距离用眼持续时间过长及环境视域小等是引起视力不良的主要原因。     

Retrospective review of complications following long tourniquet time in foot and ankle surgery

BackgroundTourniquet use is ubiquitous in orthopaedic surgery to create a bloodless field and to facilitate safe surgery, however, we know of the potential complications that can occur as a result of prolonged tourniquet time. Experimental and clinical research has helped define the safe time limits but there is not much literature specific to foot and ankle surgery.MethodsA retrospective review of the postoperative course of patients with prolonged tourniquet time (longer than 180 min) for foot and ankle procedures was done. Data related to the patient factors and the surgical procedure was collected. The length of stay, re-admissions and complications were the important indicators of the individual patient’s recovery.ResultsTwenty patients were identified with longer than 180-min tourniquet times for complex foot and ankle procedures. The average uninterrupted tourniquet time was 191 min. Eight of the twenty procedures were revision surgeries. The average length of stay was 3 days and there were no re-admissions within 30 days. Eight patients (40%) had at least one recorded complication. The complications seen in this group were transient sensory loss, wound issues, superficial infection, ongoing pain and non-union.ConclusionsThis case series has not revealed any major systemic complications resulting from the prolonged tourniquet such as pulmonary embolism or renal dysfunction. Unlike past literature on knee procedures with extended tourniquet times, no major nerve palsies were seen in our patient group. Our understanding of the local and systemic effects of tourniquet is not complete and this study demonstrates that the complications do not necessarily increase in a linear fashion in relation to the tourniquet time.     

海藻酸钙微胶珠的载药性能优化

利用高压静电法制备了海藻酸钙微胶珠，以牛血红蛋白作为模型药物，考察了牛血红蛋白（Hb）的稳定性、制备条件对微胶珠载药的影响。结果表明：Hb在10℃下能稳定存在，1．8％（w／v）Na-Alg与4．5％（w／v）CaCl2制备的微胶珠载药量较大，真空干燥的微胶殊彼此粘连破坏严重，冷冻干燥则表面出现明显的内陷，乙醇梯度洗脱-真空干燥球形度较好。水凝胶态的微胶珠载药后球形度完好，是理想的载药方式，24h时载药量达28．4％，为干燥后的2～3倍。     

A review of toxicity studies on graphene-based nanomaterials in laboratory animals

We summarized the findings of toxicity studies on graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) in laboratory mammals. The inhalation of graphene (GP) and graphene oxide (GO) induced only minimal pulmonary toxicity. Bolus airway exposure to GP and GO caused acute and subacute pulmonary inflammation. Large-sized GO (L-GO) was more toxic than small-sized GO (S-GO). Intratracheally administered GP passed through the air-blood barrier into the blood and intravenous GO distributed mainly in the lungs, liver, and spleen. S-GO and L-GO mainly accumulated in the liver and lungs, respectively. Limited information showed the potential behavioral, reproductive, and developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of GNMs. There are indications that oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in the toxicity of GNMs. The surface reactivity, size, and dispersion status of GNMs play an important role in the induction of toxicity and biodistribution of GNMs. Although this review paper provides initial information on the potential toxicity of GNMs, data are still very limited, especially when taking into account the many different types of GNMs and their potential modifications. To fill the data gap, further studies should be performed using laboratory mammals exposed using the route and dose anticipated for human exposure scenarios.     

南宁市某高校大学生的手机依赖情况及其影响因素分析

目的 了解大学生的手机依赖情况及其影响因素,从而针对改善大学生手机依赖提出相关建议.方法 采用整群抽样方法选择广西南宁市某高校大学生680人,采用UCLA孤独感量表(ULS-8)以及手机依赖量表(MPAI)进行调查,分析MPAI得分的影响因素.结果 共635名大学生参与调查,MPAI得分为17~82(41.08±11.91)分,存在手机依赖共191人,手机依赖率为30.08%.ULS-8总分、每天手机上网时间、每月手机消费费用对手机依赖得分MPAI有影响(P<0.05).结论 大学生手机依赖程度深,孤独感及手机的合理使用均可影响手机依赖程度;大学生应该审慎手机使用行为,社会、学校、家庭应该给予正确引导.